The invention discloses an aircraft holder stability testing device and an aircraft holder stability testing method based on a digital camera. A fixed bracket is arranged on the periphery of an aircraft, the top part of the aircraft is fixed to the lower end of a supporting rod through a universal joint and is positioned at the center of the fixed bracket, an oilcloth is horizontally arranged at the bottom surface of a frame of the fixed bracket, a logo image is arranged on the oilcloth, the digital camera is in rigid connection with a body of the aircraft, and the aircraft and the digital camera are connected with a PC upper computer on the ground through a picture data transmission system; and the digital camera is calibrated firstly, a relation between a pixel position of an image of the digital camera and a logo point position on the oilcloth is established, the fixed bracket and the oilcloth are kept in parallel to the ground horizontally in flight, exterior orientation parameters are obtained through processing picture data acquired in real time, and the stability result of an aircraft holder is obtained through variance calculation. The aircraft holder stability testing device adopts the scientific and effective aircraft holder stability testing method for detection stability of the aircraft holder, is simple and reasonable in structure, high in universality and convenient to disassemble, and can be suitable for various kinds of aircraft holders.