The invention discloses a kit for detecting enterovirus 71 IgM antibodies and a detection method. The kit comprises one or more solid carriers and a polypeptide aggregation 1 individually connected to the one or more solid carriers. According to the detection method, when it is detected that any one or more polypeptides in the above polypeptide aggregation 1 response to enterovirus 71 antibody IgM in a blood sample from a subject, it is determined that the subject is an enterovirus 71 infection patient. The kit of the invention has good accuracy and high specificity, is used for detecting enterovirus 71 IgM antibody infection, and is further used in auxiliary diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.