The invention discloses a short-circuit protection circuit and method for a half-bridge topology converter. The circuit comprises a ripple voltage acquisition circuit, a rectifier and filter circuit, a first operational amplifier, a first resistor and a time control circuit, wherein an input end of the ripple voltage acquisition circuit is used for collecting a ripple voltage of the half-bridge converter and an output end is connected with a positive input end of the first operational amplifier through the rectifier and filter circuit; a reverse input end of the first operational amplifier is connected with a first reference voltage and an output end is connected with the input end of the time control circuit; and the time control circuit is used for controlling actuation time and recovery time of the short-circuit protection circuit for the half-bridge topology converter through adjusting device parameters. The circuit judges the working state of a half-bridge circuit and the working state of a capacitor through the ripple change rate of a half-bridge energy storage capacitor; loop current detection is carried out without an extra mutual inductor; the circuit is accurate and fast in reaction in a short circuit or an overload; and the capacitive load capacity of the half-bridge converter is not affected.