The invention discloses a method for sensing a sight distance propagation environment and a propagation method and device. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a signal measurement result, determining a transmission delay according to the signal measurement result, obtaining delay and/or power properties of each path channel in a time domain multipath channel, then determining a main path channel of the time domain multipath channel according to the transmission delay and the delay and/or power properties of the time domain multipath channel, determining a main path window according to the main path channel, and determining whether the propagation environment is the sight distance propagation environment according to a power sum of all path channels in the main path window and the power sum of all channel channels beyond the main path window. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the type of the propagation environment is determined by the signal measurement result, so that a sending end adaptively selects different multi-data stream propagation modes according to the determined propagation environment.