The invention belongs to the technical field of surface mounting, and provides a high-speed surface mounting machine, which comprises a parallel two-layer single-track working table, a nozzle replacement platform device, a waste material box, a trolley assembly, surface mounting heads, X positioning systems, Y positioning systems and a base, wherein the parallel two-layer single-track working table is transversely fixed in the middle of two longitudinal sides of the base and can convey PCBs to predetermined surface mounting positions in a staggered mode; the two Y positioning systems are fixed at two longitudinal sides of the base; the two X positioning systems are transversely arranged side by side on the two Y positioning systems in a sliding mode; the two surface mounting heads are arranged on X crossbeams of the two X positioning systems in a sliding mode respectively; and the trolley assembly is detachably fixed at two longitudinal sides of the base. The surface mounting heads can work without rest, and the production efficiency is improved; and the high-speed surface mounting machine has the advantages of high precision, high configuration, flexibility, modularization of the surface mounting heads, wide applicability and the like.