The invention discloses a method for preparing a cement-based piezoelectric composite material surface nickel electrode. The method comprises the following steps: roughening, reducing, activating, and plating nickel, wherein the step of roughening is implemented in an alkali roughening liquid; a used reduction solution is a methanol or ethanol solution of sodium borohydride; a used activating liquid is an aqueous solution of nickel acetate or nickel sulfate; a nickel plating liquid consists of 18-22g/L of nickel sulfate, 8-16g/L of trisodium citrate, 26-32g/L of sodium hypophosphite, 8-14g/L of sodium acetate and 6-10g/L of borax, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5. The method is applicable to various cement-based piezoelectric composite materials which take piezoelectric ceramic as a functional body and cement and epoxy resin as substrates, the materials are relatively low in cost and relatively good in environmental friendliness, and an obtained plated layer is smooth in surface, uniform and accordant, good in corrosion resistance, good in conductivity and good in weldability, can be solidly combined with the cement-based piezoelectric composite material, and is not easy to drop, good in binding force and very good in application prospect.