The invention discloses a conveyor chain synchronization control apparatus and method. The apparatus comprises a PLC module, and a first stroke switch, a second stroke switch, a third stroke switch, a fourth stroke switch, an alarm and a speed regulation button which are connected with the PLC module, wherein the first stroke switch is installed at the front portion of a front conveyor chain, the second stroke switch is installed at the rear portion of the front conveyor chain, the third stroke switch is installed at the front portion of a rear conveyor chain, the fourth stroke switch is installed at the rear portion of the rear conveyor chain, and the PLC module is also connected with motors of the front conveyor chain and the rear conveyor chain. When push heads of the front conveyor chain and the rear conveyor chain are not synchronous, the alarm gives an alarm for promoting work personnel to accelerate the backward conveyor chain through the speed regulation button. When the two conveyor chains are synchronous, acceleration is stopped, original speeds are recovered, and the alarm is released. The scheme provided by the invention is applied to a conveying system requiring the front conveyor chain and the rear conveyor chain to hand over workpieces.