The invention relates to a coordination mechanism method of multiple-hop underwater acoustic network data transmission and belongs to the underwater communication field. According to the method, a coordination mechanism of inter-node data transmission is established based on the transmission characteristic of large time delay of an underwater acoustic channel; the length of data blocks is set reasonably, the distances between nodes are controlled, and the magnitude of transmission power of each node is controlled; and after a node i sends a data block j, the next data block j-1 of a node i-1 is received at first, then the feedback signals from a node i+1 are received, if acknowledgement signals are received, the node i directly begins sending the next data block j-1 from the node i-1, otherwise, the node i re-transmits the original data block j, and thus, the listening state time of the node i can be fully utilized. With the method of the invention adopted, the average end-to-end delay of the transmission of an underwater acoustic data multiple-hop transmission system can be effectively reduced with the bit error rate performance of the underwater acoustic data multiple-hop transmission system ensured; and underwater acoustic data are sent and received by using the idle time of the listening of the underwater acoustic network nodes; and the average end-to-end delay changes slowly with a signal to noise ratio.