The invention discloses a coal-mine gas extraction control system and method. A branched pipe gas detector is arranged in each extraction branched pipe in a series manner, a branch pipe gas detector is arranged in each extraction branch pipe in a series manner, a main pipe gas detector is arranged in an extraction main pipe in a series manner, all extraction branched pipes of each mining area are connected in parallel and then are connected with a corresponding extraction branch pipe, the extraction branch pipes of different areas are connected in parallel and then are connected with the extraction main pipe, a branched electric-control valve is further arranged on each extraction branched pipe, a branch pipe electric-control valve is further arranged on each extraction branch pipe, and a gas extraction pump is in series connection with the extraction main pipe. According to the system and the method, extraction control is carried out from different angles, and random real-time regulation can be carried out completely according to the volume of gas of each pipeline under the condition of adequately guaranteeing the safety of gas extraction; pressure equalizing valves are arranged, so that the accuracy of detection on gas concentration can be improved, the accuracy of gas extraction control is improved, and the safety of coal mine production is better guaranteed.