The invention relates to a voltage source-type energy storage micro grid power quality improvement predictive control method. The energy storage system serves as an important part of the micro grid, and research on multiple usages of the energy storage system in the micro grid plays an important role in improving the utilization efficiency. On the basis of analyzing the feasibility of using voltage source-type energy storage to realize harmonic current compensation, a multiple predictive control method of improving micro grid voltage and frequency dynamic stability and compensating the harmonic current by the energy storage system is researched. Firstly, based on an ip-iq detection method for the harmonic current and an instantaneous power theory and in combination with a GM (1,1) gray model, a comprehensive instruction current compensation predictive method for multifunctional control of the energy storage device is researched and realized; then, based on a dynamic model for voltage source-type converter output current, through building an optimal switch selection function for the converter, a predictive control strategy for tracking the comprehensive instruction current based on the optimal switch mode is provided for an energy storage system grid-connected converter; and finally, effectiveness of the provided switch control strategy is verified.