The invention provides a frequency band allocation method based on cooperative multipoint transmission. The method comprises steps: a base station plans cooperative scheduling clusters for a user based on an RSRP result measured and reported by the user, wherein each cluster comprises a first cell and two second cells, and the first cell is a main control cell arranged according to a preset rule; all second cells in each cluster send acquired first information to the first cell of the cluster to which the second cells belong; according to the first information of the first cell and the first information sent by each second cell in the cluster, the first cell determines frequency band information of all cells in the cluster and the information is sent to all second cells in the cluster, wherein the first information sent by the second cells in the cluster comprises NUM-COMP, NUM-MCcell, POS-MCcell, NUM-COcellx, POS-COcellx, and local cell COMP user identification information and cooperative cell identification information; and the first information of the first cell in the cluster comprises NUM-COMP, NUM-COcellx, POS-COcellx, local cell COMP user identification information and cooperative cell identification information. Thus, the scheduling realization complexity can be reduced, and high performance gains can be realized.