An air pressure type automatic opening and closing control device for a main ventilator anti-explosion cover comprises a seal base, a balance weight device, an air cylinder stand column, the pneumatic opposite-opening anti-explosion cover, a pressure system, an electronic control system and an air reversing latching device. The anti-explosion cover is of a square opposite-opening structure and is hinged to the seal base through a hinge, the seal base is of a square structure, and a herringbone beam is installed in the middle; a seal strip is arranged on the back face of a cover plate along the outer edge by a circle and used in cooperation with the seal base to achieve seal, and a rain shielding facility is installed on a joint of the cover plate to prevent rainwater from entering the joint; the pressure system and the electronic control system are combined for use, the anti-explosion cover is remotely controlled to be automatically opened or closed when a mine explodes or a ventilator is overhauled, and the air cylinder in the pressure system can be used as a guide device, a buffering device and a limiting device; during mine air reversing, the anti-explosion cover can be locked fast. By using the automatic control device in post-disaster emergency rescue, casualty accidents can be effectively reduced, and stability and reliability of a mine ventilation system are ensured.