The invention relates to a calibration device of a six-freedom-degree measurement system. With the calibration device, a problem that the existing spatial six-freedom-degree measurement device can not be calibrated rapidly can be solved. The calibration device comprises a frame guide rail assembling body (1), a two-shaft sliding assembling body (2), and an angle displacement measurement assembling body (3). On the basis of the orthogonal measuring way, the provided calibration device that has advantages of low cost, high detection precision, simple and convenient operation, small accumulated error, and reliable performance and is capable of meeting a calibration error range is provided.