The invention discloses an optimization theory-based theory and system for scheduling and migrating resources of a virtual machine. The method comprises the steps of building an economic index value taking interval of the virtual machine according to the resource occupation amount of each virtual machine to determine the resource occupation rate of each virtual machine; determining the minimum occupied resources of each virtual machine and building the resource ownership constraint condition of the resources of the same type under the virtual environment according to the built minimum threshold constraint condition of the occupied resources, and determining that only one virtual machine uses the resources of the same type at the same time; according to the built minimum threshold constraint condition of the occupied resources and the resource ownership constraint condition, solving the optimal value of the resource occupation rate and obtaining the occupation relation between the virtual machine and the resources, carrying out resource scheduling and migrating of the virtual machine according to the calculation result to optimally distribute the resources, so that the specific quantification of the economic index, reliability index and safety index of the scheduling and migration of the virtual machine can be realized, and the optimal scheduling and migration strategy of the virtual machine is realized.