The invention provides a large-capacity power gird short-circuit current control measure optimization configuration method, and the method comprises the steps: 1, determining a development stage of a target power grid; 2, determining a short-circuit current standard-exceeding mode of the target power grid; 3, analyzing the short-circuit current standard-exceeding time stage, and determining a short-circuit current limiting measure according to the time stage; 4, determining a primary election configuration scheme of the short-circuit current limiting measure; 5, analyzing the primary election configuration scheme, and obtaining a final configuration scheme meeting the demands of the target power grid. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention can propose short-circuit current control measures for different development stages of the power grid in a systematic manner according to an optimization comparison and selection rule, and can be used for solving a problem of short-circuit current control in the planning construction and operation control of the power grid.