The invention provides a distributed system Raptor code transmission method specific to deep space communication, comprising the steps of: S1, separately performing system Raptor coding on source end raw information having a code length of K1 and K2, and sending coding to a same relay; S2, a relay R respectively storing coded identifications from source ends in a cache region E1 and a cache region E2, employing a DSRC algorithm to process data, and then sending the processed coded identifications to a destination end; and S3, a destination end D decoding the received coded identifications. The invention designs a distributed system Raptor code transmission method specific to the occasion where a plurality of detectors transmit towards the ground through orbiters, provides a joint decoding simplified scheme, theoretically analyzes and derivates a DSRC scheme, improves performance parameters of the scheme, performs simulation comparison with the distributed no-rate erasure correcting scheme of the prior art, and obtains a 99% decoding success rate when redundancy reaches 5%.