The invention discloses a GSM base station amplifier signal coverage adaptation method and device. A downlink signal adjustment method comprises the steps that according to a pilot signal power value, output power and a downlink gain adjustment value used last time, an initial downlink gain adjustment value is acquired; according to the maximum carrier number, a first downlink gain callback value is acquired; according to an EDGE signal, a second downlink gain callback value is acquired; and according to three values, a target downlink gain adjustment value is calculated. An uplink signal adjustment method comprises the steps that according to a signal coverage balance adaptation parameter and the downlink gain adjustment value used last time, an initial uplink gain adjustment value is acquired; according to the pilot signal power value and a base station downlink output power value, a first uplink gain callback value is acquired; according to the bottom noise value and the bottom noise index requirement of an uplink signal, a second uplink gain callback value is acquired; and according to three values, a target uplink gain adjustment value is calculated. By adjusting uplink and downlink signal gain, uplink and downlink signal coverage balance is realized.