A short-line match-casting-based precast template system for a girder bridge having a composite structure and corrugated steel webs. The system comprises: a fixed end formwork (1) and a fixed end formwork support (2), outer formworks (3) and outer formwork supports (4), an inner formwork (5) and an inner formwork support (6), a bottom formwork (7) and a bottom formwork support (8), a bottom formwork trolley (9), and a hydraulic system. The fixed end formwork (1) comprises an upper portion (14) and a lower portion (15), and push-pull movable blocks (16) are provided at where the upper portion (14) abuts the corrugated steel webs (13) to facilitate placement of the corrugated steel webs (13) into the formworks. Also disclosed are a device for sealing a steel-concrete joint used in the short-line match-casting-based precast template system, and a method of applying the short-line match-casting-based precast template system. The template system can solve the problem of high installation precision requirements of corrugated steel webs (13) and difficulties in placing rebar cages (45, 46) in formworks.