The invention relates to an automatic sorting device and method for textile materials and belongs to the technical field of spinning equipment. The automatic sorting device comprises a detecting platform, an image detecting mechanism, a material collecting mechanism, a transferring mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the detecting platform is used for loading to-be-sorted textile materials; the image detecting mechanism comprises an image collector and a data analyzing module; the image collector is used for acquiring the images of the to-be-sorted textile materials; the material collecting mechanism comprises at least two material collectors used for loading the textile materials after being sorted; the transferring mechanism comprises a moving device and a moving head; the moving head is mounted on the moving device; the textile materials on the detecting platform can be transferred to a preset material collector of the two material collectors; the control mechanism is used for controlling the running of the image detecting mechanism and the transferring mechanism. The automatic sorting device can be used for achieving the purpose of automatic sorting, the working intensity of workers is greatly reduced, the working efficiency is increased, the sorting accuracy is increased and the production cost is lowered.