A pneumatic sliding table and a control method and lubricating method thereof, and a robot spot-welding system are provided. The pneumatic sliding table comprises a sliding table body, a base, linear guides, a cylinder and a cylinder buffer gas circuit, the linear guides are disposed on two sides of the base, the cylinder is arranged on the base, and the sliding table body is driven through a piston to linearly reciprocate along the linear guides; the cylinder buffer gas circuit is used to control the sliding table body to accelerate and decelerate. The invention also comprises a control method and lubricating method of the pneumatic sliding table, and a robot spot-welding system. Impact to the sliding table body can be greatly decreased, the service life of the sliding table body can be greatly prolonged, operating efficiency is high and time and labor efficient, disassembly and assembly are easy, and production place is saved.