The invention provides an automatic control method for a cotton seed delinter. The method comprises the steps of firstly, establishing a neural network control model according to offline collected moisture contents of feedstock cotton seeds, torques of various stages of delinting rollers and optimal rotating speeds of the various stages of delinting rollers; secondly, collecting the moisture contents of feedstock cotton seeds and the torques of the various stages of delinting rollers in real time in production; thirdly, acquiring a control model for the rotating speeds of the various stages of rollers by using the collected moisture contents and torques of the various stages of delinting rollers based on the neural network control model; fourthly, using a speed regulating device to regulate the speeds of various stages of delinting roller motors according to the control model to make the various stages of delinting rollers work at the optimal rotating speeds guaranteeing the optical delinting effect. The method and the device enable the various stages of delinting rollers to work within the optimal working rotating speed range anytime, can optimize the processing quantity of feedstock cotton seeds, can prevent jam caused by cotton seed accumulation, and increase the overall working reliability.