A high-voltage power-transmission bus-line on-line automatic laser icing detection and ice melting system comprises an emission box (4) and a receiving box (10). The emission box is fixed to a high-voltage power transmission bus line starting point line rod (1) through an emission box fixing arm (3). The receiving box is fixed to a high-voltage power transmission bus line terminal point line rod (14) through a receiving box fixing arm (15). An emission box master control system is used to control emission of an impulse ice melting laser (7) and a detection laser (8). A receiving box master control system is used for making a photoelectric detector (12) receive a signal. The detection laser is used for detecting icing and the impulse ice melting laser is used for ice melting. In the invention, high-voltage bus line induction electricity taking is adopted; extra power supply is not needed and persistence of system working is guaranteed. An on-line automatic detection and automatic ice melting integrated design is used and intelligence is possessed. Through adding a wireless network, remote control and system software upgrading can be realized. The system can carry out deicing when a power grid with a load operates an environment adaptability is high.