The invention provides an emergency breaking operation device suitable for a 10kV switch. The emergency breaking operation device comprises an inspection mechanism, a walking positioning system, a mechanical arm, a hand-eye servo mechanism and a control device, wherein the inspection mechanism is used for walking; the walking positioning system is arranged on the inspection mechanism and is used for guiding walking of the inspection mechanism and achieving positioning of a cabinet body; the first end of the mechanical arm is fixedly arranged on the inspection; the hand-eye servo mechanism is arranged at the second end of the mechanical arm and can carry out six-degree-of-freedom space motion under the action of the mechanical arm; the control device is used for carrying out control; the hand-eye servo mechanism comprises a vision system and a breaking hand; the vision system is used for positioning a switch cabinet button on the cabinet surface in the six-degree-of-freedom space motion; and the breaking hand is used for carrying out breaking operation on the positioned switch cabinet button. The emergency breaking operation device can carry out breaking operation capable of automatically positioning the 10kV switch cabinet button of a breaking substation; and the operation mode is relatively safe and convenient.