The invention discloses an automatic cable traction device, comprising a traction machine, supports and a traction rope, wherein the traction machine is arranged at a terminal of a cable laying line, a plurality of supports are arranged on the cable laying line, the traction machine comprises a cable take-up wheel and a motor, a revolving shaft of the cable take-up wheel is in connection with a rotating shaft of the motor, the traction rope is winded on the cable take-up wheel, the length of the traction rope is larger than that of the cable laying line, each support comprises a bracket and a guide pulley, the guide pulley is mounted at the top of the bracket, one end of the traction rope is fixed on the cable take-up wheel, and the other end of the traction rope penetrates through respective guide pulleys in turn and is connected to a cable, and the cable is wound on a cable coil. The traction machine realizes cable laying by means of taking back the traction rope, and does not move along the cable laying line, so that the problem of damaging a cultivated land or crops is avoided; as the supports are arranged, the cable keeps away from the ground, the risk of cable wear on the ground is reduced greatly, and risks such as electric leakage, cable explosion and the like caused by a broken sheath of the cable in use are reduced.