Provided is an electromagnetic induction heating system of a high-temperature and high-pressure test well. The peripheral face of a high-temperature and high-pressure test shaft is completely covered by using a heat preservation and insulation layer, non-magnetic material battens are axially installed on the outside circumference of the heat preservation and insulation layer at intervals, and high-frequency induction coils pass through the non-magnetic material battens and are wound and arranged on the outer circumferential face of the heat preservation and insulation layer. Multiple external temperature measuring elements are fixed to the non-magnetic material battens. The outmost layer of the high-temperature and high-pressure test shaft is an outer protective sleeve. An internal temperature sensor is installed in the high-temperature and high-pressure test shaft. The external temperature measuring elements and the internal temperature sensor perform signal transmission with a computer temperature control system, and the computer temperature control system is in signal connection with high-frequency power units. The high-frequency induction coils are connected with the high-frequency power units. The electromagnetic induction heating system can measure the temperature of a test medium through a temperature measuring head, controls the output power of the high-frequency power unit modules through temperature measuring signal feedback and achieves accurate test temperature control.