The invention relates to a short stress path rolling mill with precise axial positioning and high rigidity and belongs to the technical field of production of hot rolling long products. The short stress path rolling mill comprises a roll gap adjusting reduction gearbox, a rolling mill core, an axial positioning device, a guide and guard beam and a rolling mill moving base, wherein the roll gap adjusting reduction gearbox is arranged at the upper part of the rolling mill core; the axial positioning device is formed by a support seat, a cylinder spindle and a square sliding block; and the rolling mill core is connected with the rolling mil moving base by the support seat, and the guide and guard beam is arranged on the rolling mill moving base by a limiting spigot and a connecting bolt. The short stress path rolling mill has the advantage of being capable of better realizing high-precision rolling of hot rolling long products, especially can meet the high precision requirement of asymmetric rolling sections.