The invention provides a wheel type engineering equipment caliper brake cylinder piston grabber. A two-way oil cylinder is fixedly connected to a supporting frame through threads. The bottom end of a piston rod of the two-way oil cylinder is connected with an automatic expansion jaw through threads, the piston rod of the two-way oil cylinder is sleeved with a reverse external tension conical spring, the upper end of the conical spring is fixed to the supporting frame, and the lower end of the conical spring props against the automatic expansion jaw; the two-way oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic booster pump through a double-loop high-pressure oil pipe, and the hydraulic booster pump is fixed to a foldable steel plate base through bolts. When a knob of the hydraulic booster pump is turned to a oil-feeding gear, a crank of the hydraulic booster pump is manually pressed, oil enters a rod cavity of the two-way oil cylinder, the piston rod retracts, the lower end of the conical spring props against the automatic expansion jaw so that the automatic expansion jaw can be opened, a brake cylinder piston inner cavity annular groove is grasped, and a brake cylinder piston is taken out by retraction pull force of the piston rod of the oil cylinder. When the knob of the hydraulic booster pump is turned to a oil-returning gear, the crank of the hydraulic booster pump is manually pressed, oil enters a rodless cavity of the two-way oil cylinder, the piston rod of the oil cylinder stretches, the tail end of the reverse external tension conical spring looses the automatic expansion jaw so that the automatic expansion jaw can retract and return to the original position, the brake cylinder piston is disengaged from the automatic expansion jaw, and the brake cylinder piston is convenient to maintain or replace.