The invention relates to a molybdenum sulfide/polypyrrole/polyaniline ternary composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the molybdenum sulfide/polypyrrole/polyaniline ternary composite material, a polypyrrole nano coating layer and polyaniline nanoparticles are grown on molybdenum sulfide nanosheets in situ. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing ultrasonic peeling on a solution so as to obtain molybdenum sulfide nanosheets, performing ultrasonic dispersion so as to obtain a molybdenum sulfide nanosheet dispersion liquid, adding an acid solution dispersion liquid of a pyrrole monomer, performing in-situ polymerization in an ice water bath, washing, drying so as to obtain a molybdenum sulfide/polypyrrole composite material, performing ultrasonic dispersion so as to obtain a molybdenum sulfide/polypyrrole dispersion liquid, adding an acid solution dispersion liquid of aniline, performing in-situ polymerization in the ice water bath, washing, and drying, thereby obtaining the molybdenum sulfide/polypyrrole/polyaniline ternary composite material. The molybdenum sulfide/polypyrrole/polyaniline ternary composite material is simple in preparation process, easy to operate and low in reaction temperature, and can be used as an ideal electrode material of a new energy device such as a high-performance super-capacitor and a lithium ion battery.