The invention discloses a river embankment structure, particularly discloses a river embankment structure for sponge city construction, and belongs to the technical field of cityscape and channel improvement buildings. The river embankment structure for sponge city construction can effectively absorb street runoff in a flood period with heavy rainfall, and water flow can seep out in a draught period with less rainfall. The river embankment structure comprises a concrete or masonry dike and a flocculent backfilling system. A drain system is arranged on the lower middle portion of the concrete or masonry dike in the vertical direction. A reverse water permeation system is arranged on the upper middle portion of the concrete or masonry dike. The flocculent backfilling system is arranged on the inner side of the concrete or masonry dike. The input end of the drain system and the input end of the reverse water permeation system are communicated with the flocculent backfilling system.