The invention provides a device for measuring the friction strength of rock under the action of different fluids. The device is characterized in that a component sound emission probe hole of a lower sample table is used for arranging a sound emission probe, and a component liquid containing tank of the lower sample table is used for containing different liquids or fracturing fluids to provide a liquid bath environment for a tested friction surface; a ball cup is a mechanism for performing fine adjustment to guarantee surface-surface contact of upper and lower samples, the ball cup and a ball are locked by tightening a fine adjustment bolt, a flexible steel wire rope pulls a pull ring and is wound around a hand-rocked conical surface screw to be connected with a large-mass weight at the lower end, the large-mass weight is arranged on an electronic scale, and the electronic scale is connected to a computer through a data acquisition card; the hand-rocked conical surface screw comprises a common constant-diameter screw part, a diameter-gradually-increased screw part and a hand crank part, the crank is rocked to enable the steel wire rope to move in the large-diameter direction of the conical surface, and the steel wire rope pulls the large-mass weight to move upwards to bear part of the mass of the weight; the electronic scale and a displacement gauge perform synchronous and continuous recording, and the records are intelligently collected into a computer program for data storage. By means of the device, the micro sliding friction behavior and characteristics of a rock section under the action of different fluids can be measured.