The invention discloses a concrete structure defect online positioning method based on tubular piezoelectric intelligent aggregate. The tubular piezoelectric intelligent aggregate, a signal generator, a signal amplifier and a signal collector are adopted. The tubular piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is formed by pouring ultrahigh-performance concert and buried in a concrete structure to be detected in advance. In the detection process, high-frequency impulse voltage signals generated by the signal generator are amplified by the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the tubular piezoelectric intelligent aggregate, so that the tubular piezoelectric intelligent aggregate vibrates in the radial direction, and longitudinal waves are generated in the whole plane of the concrete to be detected, wherein reflected impulse signals can be generated when the impulse signals are transmitted to the defect part; the tubular piezoelectric intelligent aggregate receives the impulse signals reflected by the interior defect part of the concrete to be detected for defect positioning. According to the method, the uniform-amplitude ultrasonic impulse signals are emitted in the whole detection plane by 360 degrees, and the impulse signals reflected by the interior defect part of the concrete are used for defect positioning.