The present invention relates to an electric bicycle current mode speed measurement method and device, wherein the speed measurement device comprises a current sensor, a signal amplifier, a filter, a speed estimator and a wireless output module. The current sensor acquires a single-phase winding current of an electric bicycle driving motor, an acquired signal is processed by the signal amplifier and the filter and is sent to the speed estimator to estimate, and the electric bicycle speed is output by the wireless output module. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: by taking an electric bicycle of which the driving motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor as a research object, the electric bicycle current mode speed measurement method and device is provided, solves the electric bicycle speed measurement problem, and enables the reliability of a speed measurement system to be improved at the same time.