The invention provides a power distribution grid simulation training system, comprising a dynamic simulation system and a software simulation system which is in communication connection with the dynamic simulation system; the dynamic simulation system comprises a power distribution circuit, a collecting module and a control module; the software simulation system comprises a trainer platform and several trainee platforms in communication connection with the trainer platform; the trainer platform is in communication connection with the control module; each trainee platform comprises a data acquisition module and a processing module. The invention further provides a powder distribution grid simulation training method. The invention can simulate the actual operating state of a power distribution grid, allows the trainee to experience the working environment of actual application in person, thereby not only increasing the trainees' theoretical knowledge level, but also exercising their professional practice. Only few professional trainers are required to train and examine a large number of trainees, thus increasing the training efficiency to a great extent. The primary equipment of the invention adopts the simulation equipment instead of the real equipment, thus the occupied area is smaller, the equipment investment is less, and the installation as well as maintenance is more convenient.