The invention discloses a quick tensioning hydraulic station which comprises a programmable logic controller PLC, a tensioning oil cylinder, a hydraulic system and a tension sensor used for detecting a tension signal of a conveyor belt machine, wherein the tension sensor is in communication connection with the programmable logic controller PLC; the hydraulic system is composed of an oil tank, a quick feeding loop, a slow feeding loop and an electromagnetic directional valve arranged at an oil inlet of the tensioning oil cylinder; the quick feeding loop and the slow feeding loop are both connected with the oil tank; the ends of the quick feeding loop and the slow feeding loop are both connected with the inlet end of the electromagnetic directional valve; a first oil pump and a first motor are arranged on the quick feeding loop; a second oil pump and a second motor are arranged on the slow feeding loop; the working pressures and the oil quantities of the first oil pump and the second oil pump are all different; and the first motor and the second motor are both connected with the programmable logic controller PLC. According to the quick tensioning hydraulic station, the hydraulic system can supply at least three different feeding speeds to meet the requirements of the conveyor belt machine for different tensioning speeds.