The invention discloses a transformer state fuzzy set pair evaluation method based on matter-element augmentation extensive correlation, comprising steps of performing classification on a transformer fault sample set according to a set fault type, performing equivalent augmentation on the classified fault sample sets through a random weighting method, constructing a fault type-fault symptom correlation identification matrix based on augmented fault sample sets to obtain a reduced correlation frequency fault set matrix of each fault type and an optimized fault symptom constant weight coefficient, constructing a transformer fault symptom set data dictionary classical domain and a joint domain through combination with a matter-element extensive theory so as to obtain a matter-element correlation function of each fault symptom and solve a variable weight coefficient corresponding to each fault type, calculating an identical discrepancy contrary evaluation matrix needed by the transformer state evaluation through the ladder-ridge type fuzzy membership function, and obtaining a set pair analysis multi-element relation degree of each fault type and the transformer integral operation state by combining with the optimized variable weight coefficient to realize the analysis and evaluation on the transformer operation state.