Embodiments of the invention provide a video transmission control method and a video transmission control device. The method comprises the following steps: getting video data to be transmitted, wherein the video data carries key frame information; determining the transmission bit rates of different transmission cycles according to key frame information corresponding to the transmission cycles in the video data; encoding and encapsulating the video data; and sending the encapsulated video data corresponding to different transmission cycles according to the transmission bit rates of different transmission cycles. According to the technical scheme of the embodiments of the invention, the video data is divided into multiple segments, each segment corresponds to one transmission cycle, the transmission bit rates of different transmission cycles are determined according to key frame information corresponding to the transmission cycles in the decoded video data, the different segments are sent respectively according to the transmission bit rates corresponding to different transmission cycles, and therefore, the amount of network bandwidth occupied is reduced.