The invention discloses a plastic barrel annular carving device. The plastic barrel annular carving device comprises a machine frame. Two supporting columns are fixed to the top face of a top plate of the machine frame. The top ends of the two supporting columns are fixed to the two-end bottom face of an upper top plate. A pressing cylinder is fixed to the middle top face of the upper top plate. A push rod of the pressing cylinder penetrates through the upper top plate and is fixedly provided with an upper clamping plate. An upper carrying groove is formed in the middle of the bottom face of the upper clamping plate. A rotating motor is fixed to the middle bottom face of the top plate of the machine frame. An output shaft of the rotating motor extends upwards out of the top plate of the machine frame and is fixedly provided with a lower clamping plate. A lower carrying groove is formed in the middle of the top face of the lower clamping plate. The upper end and the lower end of a plastic barrel are inserted into the upper carrying groove and the lower carrying groove in a sleeved mode correspondingly. The plastic barrel is clamped between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate. The plastic barrel annular carving device can fix the plastic barrel and then conduct annular carving on the outer wall of the plastic barrel, and is good in carving effect and high in efficiency.