The invention provides an efficient moisture-removing type sludge treatment device which comprises a mounting tank, a first sludge conveying mechanism, a second sludge conveying mechanism, a burning mechanism and an impurity draining mechanism, wherein a gas outlet is formed on the mounting tank; the first sludge conveying mechanism comprises a first feeding pipe, a first driving rod, a first spiral blade and a plurality of conveying auxiliary devices; a gas conducting channel is arranged in the first driving rod; a feeding port and a discharging port are formed in the first feeding pipe; each of the conveying auxiliary devices comprises a screw rod, a conical baffle block and an auxiliary fixing block; a plurality of check rails are mounted on the periphery of the conical baffle block; the second sludge conveying mechanism comprises a second feeding pipe, a second driving rod and a second spiral blade; the impurity draining mechanism comprises a material receiving frame and at least one impurity removing auxiliary device; the impurity removing auxiliary device comprises a third driving rod and two third spiral blades. The efficient moisture-removing type sludge treatment device is simple in mechanism, is capable of effectively increasing the temperature before sludge burning and capability of reducing the water in the sludge.