The invention provides a hierarchical indexing method based on a distributed real-time database system (DRTDBS), and belongs to the field of a database. The hierarchical indexing method includes the steps of acquiring a data operation request from a client; extracting tag points in the operation request; determining a target data storage server in a hash index annular list; further enabling the target data storage server to perform hierarchical indexing in a B+ tree; and after determining an operation position, performing data operation. The invention can ensure high efficiency in real-time database data storage and retrieval by using the hash index annular list, and can also allows the tag point indexing to be more independent thanks to the establishment of a separate B+ tree data index for each tag point, so that a high fault tolerance is attained among data storage servers in the distributed real-time database.