The invention discloses a fastener type magnetic core structure and an assembly method therefor. The magnetic core structure comprises a magnetic core I and a magnetic core II which are butted, wherein two locating grooves are formed in a butting contact surface of the magnetic core I; two bosses are arranged on a butting contact surface of the magnetic core II; and the bosses are embedded into the locating grooves, so that the embedding and butting of two pairs of the locating grooves and the bosses are formed. According to the magnetic core structure and the assembly method, the magnetic core I and the magnetic core II can be quickly butted by the locating grooves and the bosses, so that the magnetic flux leakage reduction caused by oblique assembly due to human factors is avoided, an inductance value is greatly increased, the installation can be quickly realized, the time and labor are better saved, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the connection reliability is higher, and the problems of reduced inductance, serious magnetic flux leakage and poor connection reliability caused by oblique installation in the prior art are effectively solved; and the magnetic core structure has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and convenience and quickness for installation and uninstallation.