The invention discloses an inhaled anesthetic volatilization jar having a measuring function and an anesthetic volatilization measuring method. The inhaled anesthetic volatilization jar having the measuring function comprises a jar body and a fastener, and further comprises a programmable controller and an electronic touch screen, wherein the fastener is connected to the sidewall of the jar body in a perpendicular mode; a liquid level column is arranged on the sidewall of the front side of the jar body; a liquid level height of the liquid level column is horizontal with a liquid level height in the jar body; a hydraulic pressure sensor is arranged on the liquid level column; the hydraulic pressure sensor is connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is connected to the electronic touch screen; and the programmable controller comprises an anesthetic initial hydraulic pressure acquisition module, an anesthetic final hydraulic pressure acquisition module, a hydraulic pressure-liquid level conversion module, a liquid level-volume conversion module and a first anesthetic service mass operation module. Therefore, an anesthetic dosage for a patient in an anesthesia process can be accurately acquired, an anesthesia degree of the patient can be mastered, and alarm can be sent in the case that the content of the anesthetic in the volatilization jar is insufficient.