The invention discloses a calcium carbide furnace dolly transmission system. The system comprises calcium carbide furnace dollies, a closed ringlike track, chain transmission devices and driving devices. Each calcium carbide furnace dolly comprises a dolly body; and a floating poking rod is arranged at the bottom of each dolly body, wherein each floating poking rod is perpendicular to the length direction of the corresponding dolly body. Each chain transmission device comprises a chain ring and driving chain wheels which are in closed-loop arrangement; each chain ring is provided with a horizontal segment; each horizontal segment is arranged on the closed ringlike track; the driving chain wheels are arranged in the chain rings and used for tensioning the chain rings and driving the chain rings to run; the two sides of each chain ring are provided with multiple pairs of poking blocks which are oppositely arranged in the moving direction of the chain ring; and the poking blocks which are oppositely arranged are used for poking the two ends of the corresponding floating poking rod and driving the corresponding calcium carbide furnace dolly to move. Each driving device comprises a motor; and an output shaft of each motor is connected with the corresponding driving chain wheel and used for driving the corresponding driving chain wheel to rotate. By means of the calcium carbide furnace dolly transmission system, the gear collision problem can be solved, and transmission stress can be eliminated.