The invention discloses a three-dimensional detection device capable of being switched for detecting solder paste and red gum. The three-dimensional detection device comprises a pedestal, an installation base assembly, a camera, a camera lens, a 3D optical grating projection head, a 2D set-top red light lamp panel, a 2D red, green and blue light panel and a red filter switching mechanism, wherein the installation base assembly is arranged on the pedestal, a through hole is formed in the center of the installation base assembly, the camera and the camera lens are arranged above the through hole from top to bottom, the 3D optical grating projection head is arranged on one side of the installation base assembly, the 2D set-top red light lamp panel is arranged at the bottom part of the installation base assembly, the 2D red, green and blue light panel is arranged below the 2D set-top red light lamp panel, and the red filter switching mechanism is arranged between the installation base assembly and the camera lens. The three-dimensional detection device can drive a red filter via the red filter switching mechanism, when detecting the solder paste, the filter moves away from the camera lens for detecting the solder paste; and when detecting the red gum, the switching mechanism drives the red filter to be placed under the camera lens, and an image is acquired by the camera through the red filter by means of the camera lens.