The present invention relates to a synchronization-based homogeneous-sensor mutation parameter recognizing method and device. A point value is extracted from each time point of each periodic sequence to form a one-dimensional data sequence which is measured by a single sensor for many times, and a periodically-synchronized periodic data sequence is constructed. Preprocessing of obtained data samples is carried out based on maximum likelihood estimation. Empirical mode decomposition is performed on mutation-containing sensor signals based on combined preprocessing to obtain IMF mode components. Hilbert-Huang transform of the signal-dominated IMF component is conducted to obtain an instantaneous frequency diagram and an instantaneous amplitude diagram. According to feature information of a mutation point, amplitude change and instantaneous frequency trend in an HHT chart, parameter detection and recognition are carried out for sensor abnormal signals. In the invention, indiscriminate fusion of different types of sensors is conducted to obtain isochronal data samples, the difference among different sensors and random errors in the signal acquisition process are reduced, and the accuracy of sensor mutation parameter identification is improved.