The invention discloses a novel cable retracting and releasing device, which comprises a cable storage device and a cable protection device, wherein the cable protection device comprises a fixed arm and a movable arm which are mutually pivoted; an elastic part and a microswitch are arranged at the pivoted part of the fixed arm and the movable arm; when the movable arm is pivotally folded to a trigger position, the microswitch is triggered; the fixed arm is provided with a first tension pulley and a second tension pulley; the movable arm is provided with a third tension pulley; a winding motor in the cable storage device is fixed on a rotating part and the rotating part and a winding part are driven to rotate by the meshing relationship of a fixed gear and a planetary gear; and a driving wheel and a connecting rod are arranged on the winding part and drive a swing arm to swing. The microswitch controls a main motor and/or the winding motor. A cable passes through the tension pulleys and is wound on a wire spool; and the movable arm is folded when the tension is over-high, so that the microswitch closes the motor to stop the retracting and releasing action and the cable is protected. The cable storage device is free of an electrical component; the irradiation resistance is high; the actions of rotating winding and swinging wiring are synchronous; and wiring is uniform.