A sample search method comprises the following steps: separately setting sample item information identifiers for corresponding samples; separately setting sample position identifiers for placing positions of the corresponding samples; reading the sample item information identifiers to acquire read sample information, and reading the sample position identifiers to acquire sample position information, establishing a sample position-sample information index table, and storing the read sample information and the sample position information into the sample position-sample information index table; and selecting read sample information in the sample position-sample information index table, and displaying corresponding sample position information. By using the sample search method, apparatus and system provided in the present invention, a sample can be rapidly located, and a sample can be rapidly searched for and located according to special demands of a user, thereby improving the search efficiency. Also provided are a sample search apparatus and system.