The invention discloses an electrodeposition purification system of a copper electrolysis waste liquid. The electrodeposition purification system comprises an elevated tank and N sequentially arranged electrodeposition cells, wherein a liquid outlet of the elevated tank is connected with the electrodeposition cells through pipelines; liquid outlets of the first, the second, ... the ith, ... and the (N-1)th electrodeposition cells respectively lead to the second, the third, ...the (i+1)th ... and the Nth electrodeposition cells; a liquid outlet of the Nth electrodeposition cell leads to the first electrodeposition cell and an electrodeposition liquid recovery system; i is a natural number between 2 and (N-1); and N is 6 or above. The invention further discloses a purification method of the electrodeposition purification system of the copper electrolysis waste liquid. Compared with the prior art, the purification system has the advantages that the electrodeposition cells are series-parallel feeding structures combining series connection and parallel connection, the utilization is convenient, and the problem that blocky electrodeposited black copper of the prior art cannot be directly applied to a fire refining recovery technology is effectively solved.