The invention relates to a single-roller and double-bin corn thresher. The corn thresher is characterized in that a threshing baffle plate is arranged between a left threshing bin casing and a right threshing bin casing; a threshing roller is located under the threshing baffle plate; two independent threshing spaces are formed by the threshing baffle plate, the left threshing bin casing, the right threshing bin casing, a left side plate, a right side plate, the threshing roller and a bottom plate; the left threshing bin casing and the right threshing bin casing are arc-shaped, and an elastic part is connected between two sides of the tail part of each of the left threshing bin casing and the right threshing bin casing; the positions of the elastic parts in the length direction are slightly lower than the positions of arc top tangent lines of the tail parts of the left threshing bin casing and the right threshing bin casing; a plurality of elastic parts are arranged in the positions, close to one side of the left threshing bin casing, of the left side plate at intervals, a plurality of elastic parts are arranged in the positions, close to one side of the right threshing bin casing, of the threshing baffle plate at intervals, and an included angle is formed between the length direction of the elastic parts and the axial direction of the threshing roller. With the adoption of the single-roller and double-bin structure and the elastic parts, the threshing rate and the threshing efficiency are increased.