The invention discloses a hand-held false tooth polishing device which comprises a shell; the shell is internally provided with a motor, a storage battery for supplying power for the motor, and a charger for charging the storage battery; a front end cover is arranged at the front end of the shell; the rear end of the shell is sealedly connected with a dust collecting seat; a main shaft of the motor passes through the front end cover; a polishing wheel is mounted on the main shaft; the front end cover is provided with a dust sucking pipe; the shell is provided with a vent hole; the dust collecting seat is provided with a dust collecting cavity; the dust collecting cavity is internally provided with a filter screen, the bottom of the dust collecting cavity is provided with an air compressor, and the rear end of the dust collecting seat is provide with a rear end cover; the rear end cover is provided with an exhaust hole for the air compressor to easily exhaust air; the dust sucking pipe communicates with the dust collecting cavity through the vent hole. The hand-held false tooth polishing device has the beneficial effect that the hand-held false tooth polishing device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation and high milling and collection efficiency.