The invention provides a water filter device for an aquaculture water quality detection sample. The water filter device comprises a filter barrel and a filter barrel bottom end cover. The bottom end cover is provided with a conical water collecting pipe. A center barrel with the sealed top end is arranged in the filter barrel, the bottom end of the center barrel covers the conical water collecting pipe, a conical bucket is arranged at the bottom end of the center barrel, and water-permeable holes are formed in the side wall of the center barrel. The center barrel is covered with a fairing, an inclined side turned outwards is arranged at the tail end of the side wall of the fairing, the top end of the fairing is flush with the top end of the center barrel, a filter net piece is arranged above the fairing, and a water outflow pipe is arranged at the near top end of the filter barrel. The structure is simple, impurities in water are effectively filtered away, and the following water detection difficulty is greatly lowered.